ePoster Presentation 49th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology 2021

Studying lymphocyte differentiation in the spleen via spatial transcriptomics (#303)

Cameron Williams 1 , Megan Soon 2 , Jessica Engel 2 , Evan Murray 3 , Hyun Jae Lee 1 , Fei Chen 3 , Ashraful Haque 1
  1. Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
  2. QIMR Berghofer, Herston, Queensland, Australia
  3. Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

Malaria infection provokes T and B lymphocytes to differentiate into subsets conferring immune protection to clear parasites, and immune memory to protect against future infection. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of dissociated cells permits totally unbiased assessment of individual lymphocyte transcriptomes over the course of differentiation without specialist reagents such as antibodies or gene-specific probes. However, spatial context is key in lymphocyte differentiation. To study lymphocytes at whole-transcriptome resolution without dissociation, we employed the spatial transcriptomic method Slide-seq v2 to study splenic tissue at near-single cell resolution both prior to and at Day 7 of a blood-stage P chabaudi chabaudi AS infection in Bl/6 mice. Via transcriptomic data, we observed changes during splenic architecture by inferring locations of lymphocytes and niche-supporting stromal cells. To observe differential localisation of lymphocyte subsets, we mapped antibody-secreting plasmablasts, activated B cells, T helper 1 (Th1), and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells to the spleens, and found Th1 and plasmablasts localised to the red pulp, while activated B cells localised to the peripheries of follicles and Tfh to their centres. To test the hypothesis that Th1 interact with plasmablasts due to their colocalization, we examined Ifngr1 and Ifngr2 expression in plasmablasts and found them to be downregulated compared to other B cell subsets, suggesting that plasmablasts are insulated from Th1-derived IFNγ. We also observed transcriptomic alterations in non-antigen-stimulated B cells at the follicle centres.  Finally, to map the locations of malaria parasites and parasitised red blood cells (pRBCs), we mapped P chabaudi mRNA and found it localised predominantly to the red pulp.