ePoster Presentation 49th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology 2021

Vasculogenic mimicry structures in melanoma support the recruitment of pro-tumorigenic monocytes (#157)

Claudine Bonder 1 2 , Minky Cockshell 1 , Eli Moore 1 , Lih Tan 1 , Andrew Ruszkiewicz 3 , Michael Brown 1 2 4 , Lisa Ebert 1 2 4
  1. Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia & SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  2. Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide., Adelaide, SA, Australia
  3. SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  4. Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia

The progression of cancer is facilitated by infiltrating leukocytes which can either actively kill cancer cells or promote their survival.  Thus, the recruitment of leukocytes into a solid tumour mass via the vasculature is tightly regulated by specific interactions between cell surface expressed adhesion molecules and chemokines. Our current understanding of leukocyte recruitment into tumours is largely limited to conventional blood vessels that are lined by endothelial cells (ECs). However, cancer cells themselves can form their own vascular structures (a process known as vasculogenic mimicry (VM)); but whether they actively participate in the recruitment of leukocytes remains to be elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that VM-competent human melanoma cell lines express multiple adhesion molecules and chemokines relevant for leukocyte adhesion. Microfluidic-based adhesion assays revealed that similar to ECs, VM-competent melanoma cells facilitate the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes, particularly monocytes, under conditions of shear flow. Moreover, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was identified as a key participant in this process. Transwell assays showed that, similar to ECs, VM-competent melanoma cells facilitate monocyte transmigration towards a chemotactic gradient. Gene expression profiling of human melanoma patient samples confirmed the expression of numerous leukocyte capture adhesion molecules and chemokines. Finally, immunostaining of patient tissue microarrays revealed that tumours with high VM content also contained higher numbers of leukocytes (including macrophages). Taken together, this study suggests an underappreciated role of VM vessels in solid tumours via their active participation in leukocyte recruitment and begins to identify key adhesion molecules and chemokines that underpin this process.